Medical AIとは

A wide range of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine

要旨

深層学習（ディープラーニング）技術の登場に伴い，近年人工知能（artificial intelligence：AI）の社会実装が急速に進んでいる。医療分野も例外ではなく，日本を含む世界レベルでAIを利用したプログラム医療機器（software as a medical device：SaMD）の研究開発が活発に行われており，多くの製品が医療機器承認を取得し，実臨床応用されている。また，transformerと呼ばれる深層学習モデルの登場で，大規模な生成モデルの実現が可能となり，昨今のChatGPTを中心とした生成AIの進歩は著しく，医療分野も含む社会全体に大きな影響を与えている。そこで本総論では，医療分野におけるAI（medical AI）に焦点をあて，その発展の歴史・現状・課題・将来性に関して紹介する。

　With the advent of deep learning technologies, the social implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) has been advancing rapidly in recent years. The medical field is no exception, with active research and development of AI-based Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) at the global level, including Japan, and many products have obtained medical device approval and are being applied clinically. In addition, with the advent of deep learning models called Transformer, large-scale generative models can now be realized, and recent advances in generative AI, especially in ChatGPT, have had a significant impact on society as a whole, including the medical field. In this review, we focus on AI in the medical field (medical AI) and introduce the history, current status, challenges, and future prospects of its development.