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はじめに
性別不合(gender incongruence:以下,GI)は「出生時に割り当てられた性と実感する性別とが一致しない状態」を指す。治療には精神療法や身体的治療(ホルモン療法,手術療法)などが行われる。手術療法は本人が望む性別に身体的外観や機能を近付けることを目的とする。トランス男性に対するものとして,乳房切除術(男性型胸壁形成術),性別適合手術(子宮・卵巣切除術,ミニペニス形成術,陰茎形成術)などが,トランス女性に対するものとして,性別適合手術(陰茎・精巣切除,外陰部形成術,造腟術),乳房増大術(女性型胸壁形成術),顔面女性化手術,喉頭隆起形成術,音声手術などが挙げられる。
当院では,2013年にトランス女性に対する性別適合手術(sex reassignment surgery:以下,SRS)を開始して以来,通算で100例を数えるに至った。その経験を踏まえ術中の工夫や合併症回避のコツについて述べる。近年,性別適合手術(陰茎・精巣切除,外陰部形成術,造腟術)は外陰女性化手術と呼ばれることが多くなった。それを踏まえ,本稿ではトランス女性に対する性別適合手術を外陰女性化手術と呼ぶ。
Gender incongruence (GI) refers to the psychological distress caused by a mismatch between an individualʼs assigned sex at birth and their gender identity. Treatments for GI include psychotherapy, hormonal therapy, and surgical interventions. For transgender women, gender-affirming surgeries such as sex reassignment surgery (SRS) encompass procedures like penectomy, orchiectomy, vaginoplasty, and breast augmentation, among others. Vaginoplasty techniques vary and include methods such as penile or scrotal skin grafts, penile-scrotal flaps, and the use of intestinal segments. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and potential risks, including complications such as stenosis, shrinkage, and prolapse. Our institution has performed 100 SRS cases since 2013, and a transition to penile-scrotal flap techniques was undertaken in 2015 based on these techniquesʼ superior outcomes. The potential complications include intraoperative injuries, wound dehiscence, and long-term issues such as urethral strictures. The continuous refinement of surgical methods for transgender women and a patient-centered approach that includes thorough preoperative counseling and long-term follow-up are critical for achieving optimal functional and aesthetic results while minimizing the risk of complications.

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