座位からの転倒転落事故による高齢者への身体的影響とそれに関連する要因

The Factors of Physical Effects on Elderly People from Accidents of Falling from a Sitting Position

抄録

　本研究の目的は，座位からの転倒転落事故による高齢者への身体的影響の有無に関する要因を明らかにすることである．

　介護老人保健施設3施設に勤務する看護師に過去1年間のすべての事故報告書のうち座位からの転倒転落事故を抽出してもらい，事故の状況や高齢者の特徴などの情報を得た．ロジスティックモデルを用いて，性，認知症高齢者の日常生活自立度の影響を調整してオッズ比（OR）を算出した．

　座位からの転倒転落事故は112件で，居室での発生が50.9％と多かった．身体的影響ありは22件（19.6％）であった．上半身の左右の傾きのある高齢者はない高齢者に比べて身体的影響を受けるものが多かった（OR＝6.93，p＝0.016）．

　座位からの転倒転落事故による高齢者への身体的影響の有無には，上半身の左右の傾きが影響しており，高齢者の座位時の姿勢に着目した見守りの重要性が示唆された．

　Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the factors of physical effects on the elderly as a result of accidents of falling from a sitting position.

　Methods: Nurses working in three long-term care health facilities were asked to identify accidents in which a person fell from a sitting position from among all accident reports in the past year. Information on the accident circumstances and characteristics of the elderly people involved was obtained. Using a logistic model, the effects of sex, and level of independence in daily living of elderly people with dementia were adjusted and the odds ratios (OR) were calculated.

　Results: In 112 accidents of falling from a sitting position, the highest proportion (50.9％) occurred in living rooms. There were physical effects in 22 cases (19.6％). More elderly people with a sideways tilt in the upper body had a physical effect than those without a tilt (OR＝6.93, p＝0.016).

　Discussion: Physical effects in elderly people resulting from accidents of falling from a sitting position are affected by a sideways tilt in the upper body, suggesting the importance of watching over elderly people with a focus on posture when they are sitting.