看護学生の老年者との対話の問題と特徴

The Problems and Characteristics of Communication between Nursing Students and the Elderly

　研究目的は，看護学生の老年者へのかかわりにおける対話の問題と特徴を明らかにすることである．研究方法は，看護学生833名を対象に，留置法による質問紙調査を行った．質問項目は，看護学生が実習において体験した老年者とのかかわりを想起し，自由記述で回答したものをもとに作成した．質問紙は内容妥当性が確かめられた43項目であった．評価尺度は，「大変あてはまる」から「全くあてはまらない」の7件法であった．分析はSPSSによる探索的因子分析，多次元尺度法を用いた．その結果，看護学生の老年者との対話の特徴として，4つの因子が抽出された．その因子は「かかわりへの戸惑い」，「かかわりへの懸念」，「かかわりへの偏見」，「かかわりの困難さ」であった．これらの因子は，看護学生の老年者への不安などの感情が影響した態度と，老年者への価値意識を表した．また，対話の特徴は，認知と態度の2軸上に布置する概念である．

　The purpose of this research is to examine the problems and characteristics of communication between nursing students and the elderly. The method used in this research was the questionnaire placement method involving 833 nursing students. The questions were compiled based on the answers the nursing students provided in a free description formula reflecting the relationship they had with the elderly during their internship. The questionnaire consisted of 43 questions, where the content validity had been verified. The evaluation scoring scale was 7, ranging from “extremely applicable” to “not applicable at all.” An exploratory factor analysis method using SPSS and the multiple dimensional scaling were adopted for its analysis.

　As a result, four factors were extracted to form characteristics of the communication with the elderly. These factors were “uncertainty regarding the relationship,” “apprehension regarding the relationship,” “cognitive bias regarding the relationship” and “difficulty regarding the relationship.” These factors represented the attitude of the nursing students influenced by their uneasiness toward the elderly as well as the positive value they perceived in the elderly. The communication was characterized by the concepts plotted on the two axes of cognition and attitude.