乳がん患者が子どもに病名を伝える苦悩を乗り越える体験—M. Newman理論に基づく対話から

Experiences of Breast Cancer Patients Overcoming Distress of Telling the Disease to Their Children: Through Dialogues Based on M. Newman Theory

要　旨

　本研究の目的は，子どもに自分の病名を伝えることに悩む乳がん患者と研者が，M. Newman理論に基づいたパートナーとなり対話を行ったならば，患者がどのような方向性を見出していくのかその体験を明らかとすることである．研究参加者は子育て中の乳がん患者7名であり，研究者は解釈学的弁証法的アプローチに基づいた対話を行った．その結果，参加者は自分のパターンを認識し，新しい方向性を見出していく5つの局面を辿ることが明らかになった．参加者は，まず【乳がん罹患に伴い生じた子どもへの伝え方の悩みの表出】【自己のパターンの認識】【ともに悩んでくれる存在の知覚と新たな対処方法の模索】をしながら，【子どもの立場から伝えることの是非を自問し，意思を表明】し，そして【がんサバイバーとしての生き方の認識の変容】へと意識の拡張がみられた．対話を通して，子どもに自分の病名を伝えることに悩む患者は，子どもに病名を伝えることに関する悩みを自らの力で乗り越え，さらにはがんサバイバーとしての生き方そのものの意味を見出していくことが明らかとなった．

　The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of breast cancer patient's distress of telling the disease to their children through dialogues based on Margaret Newman theory. The participants were breast cancer patients rearing children. The researchers interviewed the patients based on hermeneutical dialectical approach. As a result, this study showed five phases through which participants recognized their own patterns and identified found out a new direction. First, the participants entered the phase of “expressed distress caused by the morbidity of breast cancer about how to tell their children about their disease”, and then, the phase of “recognition of their patterns.” Subsequently, the participants went through the phase of “perception of existence of person suffer together and search for new coping methods” and into the phase of “asking themselves whether or not to tell their breast cancer from their child's perspective and expressing their will.”Finally, the participants entered the phase of “their transformed perception of their life as a cancer survivor.” Through dialogues based on Margaret Newman theory, this study shed new light on the experiences of patients who overcome distress concerning telling the disease to their child under their own power, and find the meaning in their way of life as a cancer survivor.