看護学教育・看護継続教育における教材開発検証研究の動向

Trends in the Research on Development and Validation of Teaching Materials in Nursing Education and Continuing Education

要旨

　本研究の目的は、看護学教育や看護継続教育における教材開発検証研究の動向を明らかにし、今後の課題を見出すことである。【方法】医学中央雑誌web版を用いて、検索式を「看護学教育or看護継続教育」and「教材」and「効果」とし、絞り込みを「原著論文」で行い、検索して得られた422件の文献中、前後比較、または、対照群の設定により、開発した教材の効果検証を行った学術文献を選定した。分析対象となった30件について文献の発行年など内容を整理し、共通して見られた特徴を分析した。【結果】教材開発検証研究は、2001年以降に行われ、対象理解や看護技術の習得に関するものを内容としており、教材の種類として視聴覚教材やシミュレータの割合が多かった。実施対象として、看護基礎教育の対象者が多かった。教材の効果検証における評価主体は、自己評価、相互評価、他者評価の順に多かった。教材の効果として、短期的効果や、対照群との比較による有効性を報告していた。【結論】無作為割り付けにより教材の長期的効果を検証することや、変化の要素を取り入れた教材開発検証研究の推進が課題である。

　The purpose of this study was to explore the trends in research on development and validation of teaching materials in nursing education and continuing education, and to identify the future challenges in developing such teaching materials. From 422 articles obtained in a search using Ichushi-Web (Japan Medical Abstracts Society) with the search condition of “‘study of nursing education OR continuing education in nursing’ AND ‘teaching material’ AND ‘effect’” (in Japanese) and a filter of “original paper” (in Japanese), articles on the validation of effects of developed teaching materials were selected applying the setting of “before-after comparison” or “control group.” For the 30 such selected articles, the contents, such as publication year, were arranged and analyzed. Studies on the development of teaching materials were conducted starting from 2001, and were related to understanding the subject in Japan and acquiring nursing skills. With regard to types of teaching materials, the proportions of audio-visual materials and simulators were higher. Many of the subjects participating in these studies were subjects of basic nursing education studies. With regard to evaluations used in the validation of teaching materials, the proportions of third-party evaluations, cross-evaluations, and self-evaluations were higher in that order. With regard to the effects of teaching materials, short-term effects and efficacy based on comparison with control groups were reported. The challenges are accumulation of randomized validation studies on long-term effects of teaching materials, and promotion of development of teaching materials taking into account elements of change.