災害看護学における必要な研究領域と緊急性の高い研究課題

Identifying Disaster Nursing Research Priorities Using the Delphi Method

要約

　本研究は、災害看護学の研究分野・領域を明白にし、今後の日本における研究の優先課題を特定することを目的とし災害看護学会員を中心とする災害看護学専門家73名に対しデルファイ調査を行った。

　方法は第Ⅰ回目の調査で「災害看護研究がなされている領域/課題及びこれから災害看護研究が必要な領域/課題」を自由記述で尋ね抽出された項目を調査票Ⅱ-Ⅳ調査､とし、各項目の内容について「緊急性」、「必要性」、「優先度」についての同意率を求めた。

　緊急かつ重要な研究課題として「災害時要支援者への災害看護支援」、「避難所での健康マネジメントの方略」、「一般病院における災害時の備えに関する啓発」など、『災害に対する備え』に関する課題が非常に多かった。これらの項目は「災害への備え」、「災害時の連携システム」、「被災時、被災後の要支援者支援」、「被災者のメンタルヘルス」、「災害サイクル別看護」、「国際災害看護」、「特殊・多発災害時の看護」、「災害看護学構築（基礎教育）」、「その他」の9領域に分類することができた。

Abstract

　To specify research themes to be undertaken in the future, this study attempted to clarify research fields in disaster nursing.

　The Delphi method was used to reach consensus among disaster nursing experts.

　First, free-form surveys(Questionnaire I)were sent out as specified by the research participants, containing questions on the fundamental attributes, "Disaster nursing research fields/topics already being investigated and yet to be investigated." Second, Questionnaire II was designed based on research themes in Questionnaire I and grouped according to research field categories. Then, questionnaires II-IV were sent out to research participants, who were asked to assess "necessity," "urgency," and "priority." This study was approved by the University of Hyogo Ethical Committee.

　Results revealed that the most urgent and significant aspects were "disaster preparation," which included such items as "disaster nursing support for vulnerable people," "health management strategy at shelters," "education on disaster preparation at general hospitals," "map of places with self-generators within the area," "system of cooperation during nondisaster times and support systems during times of disaster."

　These items were categorized into "preparation," "system of coordination," "support for vulnerable people providing relief efforts," "construction of disaster nursing study(basic education)," "international," "mental health," "specific and multiple disasters and others."