災害看護の体験が看護者に及ぼす影響と体験の意味づけ

The Influence on Nurses of Disaster Nursing Experience and the Meaning of their Experience

要約

　本研究の目的は、看護者の災害看護の体験、体験が看護者に及ぼす影響と看護者の体験の意味づけを明らかにし、看護者への支援方法を見出すための示唆を得ることである。過去10年間に災害看護活動を行った看護者9名を対象者とし、半構成的面接法を用いて面接調査を行った。データを質的記述的に分析し次の結果を見出した。看護者は活動前から活動後まで災害看護の体験をしていた。看護者は、身体的・精神的・社会的影響、看護者自身の生活への影響を受け、とくに精神的・社会的影響は活動前から現在に至るまで長期に渡って影響を及ぼしていた。看護者は災害看護の体験を振り返り、自己の成長に繋がる体験や自己の学びの体験として肯定的に意味づけていた。活動の不全感や辛い体験など自己の体験を次の災害看護活動への課題として、反省的に意味づけていた。看護者が災害看護の体験を肯定的に意味づけられるよう支援することで、災害看護を行う意識を高める方向に働く支援となり得ることが示唆された。

Abstract

This study clarifies the experiences of nurses who worked in disasters, the influence of the experience on nurses and the meaning of that experience for nurses, with the goal of further enhancing support methods for nurses. Nine nurses participated in the study. The participants had more than ten years experience in disaster nursing and working in Red Cross facilities providing medical treatment. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and were analyzed both qualitatively and descriptively. Results showed that nurses experienced disaster nursing before, during and after the disaster. Nurses were affected by somatic effects, psychic influences, social influences, and influences of their daily life up to now. Nurses who had participated in disaster nursing remained under its effects for a long time until the present and were also affected by social-mental influences. By repeatedly talking about their experience, nurses were able to reflect on and understand the experience of disaster nursing affirmatively, seeing the experience leading to personal growth and self-knowledge. Moreover, nurses reflected on their feelings of insufficiency regarding disaster nursing activities and painful experiences as challenges in subsequent disaster nursing activities. Results suggest that increased support and awareness of disaster nursing would provide nurses who participate in disaster nursing a more positive experience of disaster nursing activities.