地域密着型特別養護老人ホームにおける職員を惹きつける職場運営指標の開発

Development of a Workplace Management Index Designed to Retain Human Resources in Community-based Welfare Facilities for Older Adults

要旨

　目的：地域密着型特別養護老人ホームにおける職員を惹きつける職場運営指標を開発することである．

　方法：東海地方の地域密着型特別養護老人ホームの全263施設の看護職と介護職の計1,315名を対象に，質問紙調査を実施し指標の妥当性と信頼性を検証した．

　結果：分析対象204名（回収率15.9％，有効回答率98.1％）の探索的因子分析の結果，指標は【地域・施設間における資源の有効的活用】，【地域密着型特別養護老人ホームの強みを活かした取り組み】，【施設長のリーダーシップ】，【施設の魅力の情報発信】，【地域住民と施設の相互交流】の5因子38項目で構成された．指標の信頼性と妥当性を検討した結果，クロンバックのα係数は .836〜.948，モデル適合度はχ²＝1278.2，p＜.001を示し，GFI＝.749，AGFI＝.716，CFI＝.861，RMSEA＝.068であった．

　結論：構成概念妥当性についてはモデルの適合指数はやや低いものの内的一貫性，信頼性が確認できた．

　Objective: This study developed a workplace management index intended to help retain human resources in community-based welfare facilities for older adults.

　Methods: The validity and reliability of the index was examined using a questionnaire survey administered to 1,315 nurses and care staff working at 263 community-based welfare facilities for older adults in the Tokai region.

　Results: Exploratory factor analysis of 204 participants (response rate = 15.9%; valid response rate = 98.1%) revealed that the index had a five-factor, 38-item structure. The five factors were “effective use of resources between the community and facility,” “efforts to leverage the strengths of community-based welfare facilities for older adults,” “leadership of the facility director,” “communicating information about the appeal of the facility,” and “interaction between community members and the facility.” Analysis of the index's reliability and validity yielded Cronbach's α coefficients of .836 to .948, a model fit of χ² = 1278.2 (p < .001), GFI = .749, AGFI = .716, CFI = .861, and RMSEA = .068.

　Conclusion: Although the model's fit index for construct validity was somewhat low, its internal consistency and reliability were confirmed.