看護小規模多機能型居宅介護で活躍する看護師の行動特性

Behavioral Characteristics of Nurses Working in Nursing Multifunctional In-home Long-term Care Service

要旨

　目的：看護小規模多機能型居宅介護（以下，看多機）で働く看護師の行動特性を明らかにする．

　方法：看多機の施設長から推薦された看護師29名を対象に行動結果面接法を参考に半構造的面接を行い質的記述的に分析した．

　結果：看多機で働く看護師の成果は，【利用者・家族の生活の質の向上】【利用者・家族に提供するケアの質の向上】の2カテゴリーと8サブカテゴリー抽出された．これら成果につながる行動特性として【その人の生活の中で歩み寄りを続ける】【その人や家族の強みを引き出し生活に取り入れる】【個々に合わせ臨機応変にケアを創造する】【命をまもる】【看取りを支える】【その人の居場所をつくる】【その人を支えるチームをつくる】の7カテゴリーと37サブカテゴリーが抽出された．

　結論：今回抽出された看護師の行動特性によって，最期まで住み慣れた自宅や地域で暮らし続けていくという看多機の役割が促進されることが期待される．

　Purpose: To identify the behavioral characteristics of nurses working in nursing multifunctional in-home long-term care service (Kantaki).

　Methods: Semi-structured personal face-to-face interviews based on Behavioral Event Interview were conducted with 29 nurses who were rated as excellent job performers by the director of Kantaki, followed by qualitative descriptive analysis of the interview data.

　Results: Two categories were extracted as desired care outcomes: “improvement of the quality of life of patients and their families” and “improvement of the quality of care provided to patients and their families.” Additionally, eight subcategories were extracted. Organizing the content that was thought to lead to these outcomes, the following seven categories and 37 subcategories were extracted as the caregiving practices of the nurses: 1) remain close to the care receiver, 2) draw out the strengths of the care receiver and their family and encourage them to use those strengths to improve life, 3) provide flexible care tailored to the individual's needs, 4) protect life, 5) support end-of-life care, 6) create a comfortable space for the care receiver, and 7) mobilize a team to support the care receiver.

　Conclusion: Nurses' behavioral characteristics were expected to promote the role of Kantaki which enables the elderly to continue living in their own homes and communities until the end of their lives.