退院支援看護師の個別支援における職務行動遂行能力評価尺度の開発

Development of a Scale to Evaluate Professional Discharge Planning Ability among Nurses

要旨

　目的：退院支援看護師（DPN）の個別支援における職務行動の遂行能力を評価する尺度を開発する．

　方法：尺度の概念枠組みにコンピテンシー理論を用い，項目案62項目を生成したのち，全国の退院支援担当の看護師819名に調査を行い，項目の選定，信頼性・妥当性の検証を行った．

　結果：DPN461名を分析対象とした（有効回答率：56.3％）．探索的因子分析の結果，4因子24項目の尺度を作成した．尺度全体のクロンバックαが0.942で，下位尺度は0.827～0.885であった．確認的因子分析で適度な適合性が示された．ディスチャージプランニングプロセス評価尺度と，患者中心のケアを推進する看護リーダーシップ実践の診断指標の下位尺度のうち，本尺度の下位尺度と相関が高いと想定したものは予測通り高い相関を示した．

　結論：本尺度の内的一貫性，構成概念妥当性，併存妥当性が確認された．DPNに特徴的な4つの能力を評価できることから，実用性が高い尺度であり，DPNの育成に役立つと考えられる．

Abstract

　Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a scale for use in evaluating professional ability among nurses to successfully implement discharge planning(Nurses' Discharge Planning Ability Scale, or NDPAS).

　Method: A questionnaire survey of 819 nurses in charge of discharge planning was conducted with 62 questions based on the concept of competency by McClelland(1973). Appropriate questions were selected from the outcomes, and the reliability and validity of the scale were investigated.

　Results: A total of 461 Discharge Planning Nurses(DPNs) took part in the analysis(response rate: 56.3%). As a result of exploratory factor analysis, four factors and 24 questions were constructed. Cronbach's α for the overall scale was 0.942, and the corresponding values for the subscales ranged from 0.827 to 0.885. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale was suitable for evaluation. As expected, there was a notable correlation between some subscales of Discharge Planning- Process Evaluation Measurement(DCP-PEM) and Self-Assessment Inventory of Leadership role for staff nurses(SAIL).

　Conclusion: The results of the study confirmed the scale's internal consistency, construction validity and concurrent validity. As the metric successfully highlights the four characteristic ability factors of DPNs, it can be considered highly practical and useful for the development of such nursing staff.