外来通院中の中長期在留者が日本で2型糖尿病と共に生きる生活体験のあり様

Experiences of Mid-to-long-term Residents with Type 2 Diabetes in Japan: A Qualitative Interview-based Study

要旨

　目的：日本で外来通院中の中長期在留者の2型糖尿病と共に生きる生活体験のあり様を明らかにする．

　方法：2型糖尿病で外来通院中の中長期在留者6名に半構造化面接を実施した．1段階目として質的統合法（KJ法）を行った後，2段階目としてカテゴリ化を行った．

　結果：1段階目の分析の結果，最終ラベルは39枚となった．2段階目の分析の結果，《日本で気づいた糖尿病の怖さ》《母国との比較で日本の医療を肯定した自己管理への取り組み》《医療者に頼らない自分での対処》《母国の食文化とは異なる日本での自己管理への取り組み》《その人なりの糖尿病との生活》《異国での糖尿病と暮らす戸惑いや不安》《外国人だからこそ感じる糖尿病治療への期待》の7つのカテゴリが明らかになった．

　結論：中長期在留者の自己管理や糖尿病との生活には，母国とのギャップや日本の医療の捉え方が影響し，特有の困難や状況があると考えられた．文化背景に歩み寄り，多様性に配慮した支援の必要性が示唆された．

　Aim: This study aims to clarify the experiences of mid-to-long-term residents of Japan with type 2 diabetes who were being followed up at a hospital.

　Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted among 6 mid-to-long-term residents with type 2 diabetes who were being followed up at a hospital in Japan. Their responses were analyzed using the KJ method, a qualitative synthesis method; then, the whole analysis was performed.

　Results: Individual analysis of the responses of the 6 residents was conducted, and 39 concepts were derived. As a result of the whole analysis, 7 categories were extracted from the interview data: “the fear of diabetes observed in Japan,” “the self-management approach applied in Japanese medical care is better than their home country,” “the self-treatment method without medical staff reliance,” “the difference in the food culture between my home country and Japan in terms of its impact on self-management,” “my own life with diabetes,” “the fear and anxiety associated with living with diabetes in different countries,” and “the expectations of foreigners for diabetes treatment.”

　Conclusions: The self-management of mid- to long-term residents and their lives with diabetes were affected by the cultural gap with respect to a participant's home country and how Japanese medical care was implemented, indicating the presence of specific contributing factors and conditions. Therefore, the consideration of the need to address cultural diversity is recommended.