手術看護の経験が看護師のキャリア発達に及ぼす影響

Influence of Perioperative Nursing Experiences on Clinical Nurses' Career Development

要旨

　目的：手術看護を経験することが看護師のキャリア発達に及ぼす影響を明らかにする．

　方法：新卒で手術室に配属後3年以上の手術看護の経験があり，手術室以外の部署に勤務する臨床経験10 年程度の看護師11名に半構造化面接を行い，質的記述的に分析した．

　結果：手術看護の経験をもつ看護師は【手術看護を経験したことで歩みたい道を考える】．配置転換後は【手術室で習得した知識・技術を配置転換部署での看護に活かせる】こと等に強みを感じていた．一方で【配置転換時に手術看護では経験しない看護に戸惑う】等の困難に直面し，【配置転換部署での困難を乗り越えるために努力する】ことで【配置転換により看護師として成長する】ことが示された．

　結論：手術看護の経験を有する看護師には，特有な看護実践経験を踏まえて自らのキャリアの方向性を思慮する時期が存在する．配置転換時は手術看護で経験しなかった実践により苦境に陥るが，手術看護の経験はどの領域の看護にも活かせる強みとなり，職務を遂行する上でポジティブな影響を及ぼす．

　Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of perioperative nursing experience on career development of clinical nurses.

　Methods: Data were generated through semi-structured formal interviews with 11 clinical nurses. The nurses were assigned to an operating room as new graduates and had more than 3 years of perioperative nursing experience. Following this, they worked in a department outside an operating room. The contents of interviews were analyzed qualitatively.

　Results: Eight categories emerged from the data analysis: considering a different career path by perioperative nursing experience, making use of nursing knowledge and techniques learned in the operating room in a new ward, anticipating situations in advance, acting imperturbably regardless of the situation, experiencing difficulty and lacking the skills needed at the time of job rotation, lacking confidence in other areas of nursing at the time of job rotation, striving to overcome the difficulties of working in a new ward, and experiencing growth as a nurse as a result of job rotation.

　Conclusion: Nurses with perioperative nursing experience considered their career path based on their experiences in the operating room. They faced difficulties at the time of job rotation because their experience was limited to the operating room. However, their experience was also a strength that they could use in other areas of nursing and had a positive influence on their subsequent work.