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要旨
目的:希死念慮を持っている可能性がある自殺未遂患者にケアを提供する救急業務に従事する看護師の現状を明らかにすることを目的とした.
方法:全国の救命救急センターのうち32施設に勤務する看護師764名を対象に無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した.
結果:有効回答者は302名であり,そのうち206名(68.2%)の看護師が希死念慮を確認した経験があった.197名の看護師から得られた自由記述を質的記述的分析したところ,「希死念慮を確認することに支障となること」の設問に対する記述から【自殺未遂患者に対するケアについての知識不足・能力不足】【再自殺・自傷への心配や懸念】【確認しにくい環境】【患者の身体的・精神的問題】という4つのカテゴリが抽出された.
結論:救急業務に従事する看護師が自殺未遂患者に対してケア遂行を促進するためには,看護師の知識の向上,ケアするための環境調整,看護師のサポートの充実の3点が必要であることが明らかになった.
Aim: The present study aimed to clarify the current status of emergency nurses who provide care to suicidal patients who might have suicidal ideation.
Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to 764 nurses in 32 emergency departments across Japan.
Results: Responses from 302 (39.5%) nurses were valid. Among them, 206 (68.2%) reported an experience that confirmed suicidal ideation among patients. Responses to the open-ended questions were obtained from 197 nurses. These responses underwent qualitative descriptive analysis and categories were extracted. The categories, “Lack of ability/knowledge about how to care for suicidal patients”, “Worry and concern about repeated suicide attempts and self-harm”, “Confirming that the environment is difficult” and, “Physical and mental problems of patients”, were associated with hindrances or barriers to confirming the presence of suicidal ideation among patients.
Conclusion: Three strategies were identified to help emergency nurses effectively care for patients who self-harm: improving their knowledge, adjusting the care environment and enhancing support systems for nurses.
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