看護師の共感特性—非看護師の市民との比較

Empathic Traits of Nurses: Comparison with the Non-nurse General Public

要旨

　目的：1）看護師と非看護師の市民の共感特性を比較し，看護師の共感特性を明らかにする．2）看護師の共感特性を年齢，臨床経験年数，役職の有無で比較することである．

　方法：研究デザインは，2時点の横断研究であった．研究Aは全国の国立大学附属病院で働く看護師400名を対象とした．研究Bは非看護師の市民416名を対象とした．分析は，基本属性，対人反応性指標および臨床対人反応性指標を用い，対応のないT検定，重回帰分析，相関分析を行った．

　結果：看護師の対人反応性指標の得点は，非看護師の市民と比較して，「共感的関心」と「視点取得」が有意に高く，「個人的苦痛」と「想像性」は有意に低かった．また，看護管理者の臨床対人反応性指標は，役職が無い看護師と比較して，「看護における視点取得」と「無条件の肯定的関心」が有意に高かった．

　結論：本研究は，看護師が「個人的苦痛」と「共感的関心」をそれぞれ区別して認識し，他者を想像する視点での「想像性」を高めることが必要であることを明らかにした．

　Aims: The study aims were: 1) to compare empathy traits of nurses and non-nurse general public and to identify empathy traits of nurses; and 2) to compare empathy traits of nurses by age, years of clinical experience, and job title.

　Methods: The study design was two-points cross-sectional study. Study A included 400 nurses working at a national university hospital in Japan. Study B included 416 members of the non-nurse general public. Basic attributes, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index were used for analysis, and uncorrelated t-tests, multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis were conducted.

　Results: Nurses scored significantly higher on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index of “empathic concern” and “perspective taking” and significantly lower on “personal distress” and “fantasy scale” than did the non-nurse general public. In addition, “perspective taking in nursing” and “unconditional positive regard” on the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index were significantly higher for nurse administrators.

　Conclusions: This study revealed that nurses need to distinguish and recognize “personal distress” and “empathic concern,” respectively, and to enhance their “fantasy scale” in terms of imagining others.