患者の入院生活に看護が及ぼす影響

The Effects of Nursing Care on Patients during Hospitalization

要旨

目的：本研究は，患者の入院生活に看護が及ぼす影響を説明できる概念を見いだすことを目的とした．

方法：総合病院の1病棟に入院中の患者57名と看護師等の病棟スタッフ35名を対象に，参加観察および面接を行い，グラウンデッド・セオリー法に準じて研究を行った．

結果：【安心してここに居られる】という核概念が得られた．核概念は〔入院患者という名の仕事〕，〔看護師の行う仕事〕，〔枠〕，〔関心のおきどころ〕の4つの概念から構成されていた．入院患者が【安心してここに居られる】か否かは，看護師の〔関心のおきどころ〕の方向の違いによって左右されていた．

結論：看護師が〔看護師の行う仕事〕を行う際に，〔関心のおきどころ〕が‘枠の中だけでなく，枠の外側もみようとする’方向にあり，患者が【安心してここに居られる】状況にあるとき，患者の〔入院患者という名の仕事〕が行いやすくなる可能性が示唆された．

　This research investigated the various effects of nursing care on a patient's life in hospital. During the research, which employed the grounded-theory method, the 57 patients and 35 staff of a general hospital underwent participant observation and interviews. As a result, a core category whose central theme was “feelings of being well cared for and at home in the hospital” was obtained. This core category embraced 4 categories: “The role of the inpatient”, “Nurse's duties”, “Nurse's preconceptions and attitudes”, and “Nurse's focus of attention”. Of these, it is the nurse's focus of attention that determines whether or not the patient feels well cared for and at home in the hospital. It was found that when a nurse's main focus was directed beyond merely her preconceptions and attitudes, a patient would feel well cared for and at home in the hospital environment, and so could more readily “play the role” of inpatient.