ドメスティック・バイオレンス被害女性の周産期および育児期を通じたDV被害に対する認識の回復過程

Recovery Process of Female Domestic Violence Victims Who Recognize Their Status during the Perinatal and Childrearing Periods

要旨

　目的：周産期および育児期を通じたDomestic Violence: DV被害女性のDV被害に対する認識の回復過程を明らかにすることを目的とした．

　方法：質的記述的研究デザインを用い，21名のDV被害女性に半構成面接を行った．

　結果：DV被害女性の周産期および育児期を通じたDV被害からの回復過程として，段階1〈家族維持のためにDV被害の認識を意識下におしこめている〉，段階2〈夫への期待が失望に変わりDV被害を認識していく〉，段階3〈アンビバレントな感情を抱えたままDVの関係から抜け出す〉，段階4〈DVの関係から心身ともに出る〉の4つのカテゴリーが抽出され，コアカテゴリーとして《自分らしさを取り戻していくDV被害からの回復過程》が明らかになった．周産期には多くのDV被害女性はDV被害を認識しておらず，気持ちが揺れ動く不安定な状態も存在していた．

　結論：周産期および育児期は家族を維持させなければならないという思いが強く，夫の態度が変わることを期待しやすいためにDV被害を認識できない構造があると考えられる．看護者がDV被害女性の被害からの回復過程を理解し，その人らしくあることを支援するケアはDV被害からの回復を促すことにつながることが示唆された．

　Purpose: The purpose of this study is to reveal how aspects of the recovery process of women who have suffered from domestic violence by their partners (DV) during the perinatal and childrearing periods changed in their recognition toward victimization.

　Method: Adopting qualitative and descriptive research design, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 female DV victims.

　Results: 4 categories were extracted as recovering processes for female domestic violence victims during their perinatal and childrearing periods: Stage 1 “suppressing recognition of the damage caused by DV below the consciousness level,” Stage 2 “expectations of partners changing to disappointment when beginning to recognize DV damage,” Stage 3 “escaping a DV relationship with ambivalent feelings,” and Stage 4 “both the mind and body escaping a DV relationship.” Also revealed was a core category, “recovery process from domestic violence by getting a sense of oneself.” In their perinatal period, many victims do not recognize the damage DV causes due to their unstable condition in regards to mood swings.

　Conclusion: During their perinatal and childrearing periods, women often expect changes in husbands' or partners' attitudes due to their desire for family stability, causing them to suppress DV recognition. It is suggested that nurses understand the recovery process of DV victims and support them in order to enhance victims' regaining a sense of themselves and the overall recovery of women suffering from DV.