病院に勤務する看護職のワークライフバランスとバーンアウトとの関連

A Study of the Relationships between Work Life Balance and Burnout in Hospital Nurses

要旨

　目的：看護職のワークライフバランス（以下，WLB）とバーンアウトの関連を明らかにする．

　方法：首都圏の一般病院で国，公的医療機関，社会保険関係団体，医療法人，会社の設置主体より各1施設選定した5病院に勤務する看護職1,030人を対象とし，自記式質問紙調査を実施した．調査内容はバーンアウト（日本版MBI-HSS）22項目，属性，看護職のWLB指標調査24項目とした．

　結果：有効回答は798人（有効回答率77.5％）であった．平均年齢は33.8±8.1歳でWLBとバーンアウト総合得点の平均はそれぞれ10.2, 10.9であった．WLB総合得点は，会社が国，公的医療機関，社会保険関係団体，医療法人より有意に高かった（p＜0.01）．階層的重回帰分析を行った結果，実務職種，残業時間，子どもの有無，WLB認識，仕事と仕事以外の切り替え，目的を持って取り組んでいること，相談相手の有無，WLBとの有意な関連が認められた．

　結論：設置主体別では，会社はWLBの実現度が高い可能性が明らかになった．また，仕事と仕事以外の切り替えや目標を持って取り組むこと，WLB実現度を上げることによりバーンアウトが予防できる可能性が示唆された．

　Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine relationships between work life balance (WLB) and burnout of hospital nurses.

　Methods: A self-rating questionnaire survey was conducted with 1,030 nurses who were working in five general hospitals. We selected one hospital from each of five management types; national medical institutions, public medical institutions, social insurance organizations, medical corporations, and general private companies. The questionnaire devoted 22 items to burnout (Japanese version of MBI-HSS) and 24 to demographic details and WLB indexes.

　Results: Valid responses were obtained from 798 subjects (77.5%). The mean age was 33.8±8.1 years, and the average total scores of WLB and burnout were 10.2 and 10.9, respectively. The total score for WLB of nurses in the hospital managed by a private company was significantly higher than the other four (p＜0.01). Results from hierarchal multiple linear regression analysis showed significant relationships between burnout and the following factors: occupation type, overtime, having children or not, awareness of WLB, switching on and off working hours, working with a clear purpose, having persons with whom they can consult, and WLB.

　Conclusion: The results of the analysis by management type of hospital show that hospitals operated by companies have a good potential to realize WLB. It was also suggested that nurse burnout can be prevented by switching between working and off-work hours, making the effort with a clear purpose, and aiming to improve the level of WLB.