労働状況および偏りのある勤務割り振り，勤務日・休暇のコントロール感不足とバーンアウトおよび身体愁訴との関連—交代制勤務に従事する看護職を対象としたオンライン調査

Relationship between Work Conditions, Inequality Work-assignment and Lack of Work-life Control, and Burnout or Somatic Complaints: An Online Survey of Shift-work Nurses

要旨

　目的：看護職の労働条件，相対的に偏りのある勤務割り振り（以下，相対的偏り）や勤務日・休暇のコントロール感不足（以下，コントロール感不足）とバーンアウトや身体愁訴との関連を検証する．

　方法：2020年1〜2月，交代制勤務に従事する看護職を対象にweb調査を行った．バーンアウトの下位尺度（情緒的消耗感，脱人格化，個人的達成感）と身体愁訴を従属変数とし，基本属性，労働状況，相対的偏りおよびコントロール感不足を順に投入する階層的重回帰分析を行った．

　結果：分析対象者は394名だった．階層的重回帰分析の結果，最終モデルでは労働状況には統計学的有意差を認めず，相対的偏りは情緒的消耗感と脱人格化に，勤務日や休暇の見通しのなさは情緒的消耗感に，急な休暇取得のしにくさは脱人格化と身体愁訴に関連した．

　結論：交代制勤務に従事する看護職にとっては労働状況よりも相対的偏りやコントロール感不足と心身のストレスとの関連が明らかになった．

　Aim: To identify the relationship between work conditions, unequal work-assignments, lack of work-life control, and burnout or somatic complaints among shift-work nurses.

　Methods: In January and February 2020, a web-based questionnaire was sent to 4,360 shift-work nurses in Japan. First, an exploratory factor analysis and Spearman correlation were conducted to confirm the construct of unequal work-assignment and lack of work-life control. Second, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between unequal work-assignment, lack of work-life control, and burnout or somatic complaints after adjusting work conditions.

　Results: Data from 394 nurses were analyzed. An exploratory factor analysis and Spearman correlation revealed lack of work-life control on the basis of three factors: vacation requests are not approved, there is uncertainty about working days and vacations, and nurses cannot take paid vacation. Unequal work-assignment was related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, uncertainty about working days and vacations was related to emotional exhaustion, and unpaid vacations was related to depersonalization and somatic complaints.

　Conclusion: In addition to poor working conditions, unequal work-assignments and lack of work-life control may cause psychological or physical stress reactions.