実習指導の受け入れが精神科病院看護職にもたらした変化

The Effects on Clinical Nurses When Working with Nursing Practicum Students in Psychiatric and Mental Health Hospital

要旨

　目的：精神科病院において，初めて看護学実習を受け入れることにより看護職にどのような変化がもたらされるのか，明らかにすることを目的とした．

　対象と方法：実習を受け入れた病棟の看護職4名に個別インタビュー調査を，共に働くコメディカルスタッフ6名にフォーカスグループインタビュー調査を実施し，質的に分析した．また，看護職全員を対象に精神的負担を測定する自己記入式質問紙調査を行い，実習受け入れによる変化を検討した．

　結果：看護職・コメディカルスタッフが共通して感じた変化は【学習量の増加】【接遇の向上】【緊張感の出現】【ケアの積極性】【ケアの工夫と試行】であった．実習病棟に所属する看護職の精神的負担は，実習受け入れ前後で有意な変化は認められなかった．

　結論：精神科病院において初めて看護学実習を受け入れることは，看護職の学習や接遇，ケアの質の向上につながることが示唆され，有意な精神的負担の増強を伴わない可能性が示唆された．

　Objective: The aim of this study was to find out what effects nurses experienced when working with nursing practicum students in clinical training. The study was conducted at a psychiatric hospital.

　Subjects and Methods: Face-to-face interviews with 4 nurses who participated in practice unit and a group interview with other medical staff in the ward were conducted and data was analyzed qualitatively. In addition, self-report questionnaires asking about job stress and burnout responses were given to 30 nurses in the ward and the results were analyzed and compared with results from 14 nurses in the control group.

　Results: The changes nurses and other medical staff expressed were: “increased learning,” “improvement in service quality,” “increased tension,” “increased enthusiasm,” and “more effort toward improvement in patient care.” No significant changes were seen in job stress or burnout scores between nurses in the subject group and those in the control group.

　Conclusion: The results suggest that working with nursing practicum students could contribute to improved nursing competence of clinical nurses without increasing their stress.