振り返られた看護学実習経験の現象学的記述

A Phenomenological Description of the Practical Nursing Training Experience

要旨

　目的：看護学実習を終えた当事者が実習を振り返った語りから，実習での経験がどのような意味を帯びて立ち現れたのかを記述する．

　方法：現象学的看護研究．4年次の学生が看護師になるまでの9ヶ月間に亘り非構造化面接を実施した．本稿では，長期的な視点から実習経験がもたらした意味に焦点を当てるため，4年間の実習で生じた変化を語った2名の語りを報告する．

　結果：Bさんは実習で段階的に学んでこれたと振り返り，患者との関係性における変化を認識した．Cさんは看護師となったときに上手くいかなかった実習経験を挽回するように看護実践を行なっていると語り，実習からのつながりを認識した．

　結論：患者との関係や上手くいかなかった実習経験が看護観や看護師としての態度の段階的な変容をもたらしていたことが，当事者に了解された．実習経験は，看護師となったときの態度や看護実践の基づけとなる経験となっていた．

　Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of nurses' experiences in practical training from their narratives looking back on their training.

　Methods: A phenomenological research method was used. Unstructured interviews were conducted individually and in groups of six participants over 9 months. In this paper, I report the stories of two people who talked about the changes during their 4 years of practical training. My focus was the meaning brought by the practical training experience from a long-term perspective.

　Results: Participant B learned step-by-step through her practical training and understood that her relationship with patients had changed. Participant C said that her nursing practices were reflected to her practical training experiences, which did not go well.

　Conclusions: The nurses' relationships with patients and failed practice experiences changed their perspectives on nursing and their attitudes as nurses. The practical experience formed the basis of the participants' attitudes and practices when they became nurses.