日本の看護婦・士のProfessionhoodを構成する要素

Factors Consists of Japanese Nurses' Professionhood

要旨

　Styles（1982）は，「社会的意義」「最高で最上の仕事へのコミットメント」「同僚性・集合性」の3つの要素からなるprofessionhoodという概念を用い，個人としての専門職に着目することの意義を論じた．本研究の目的は，この概念の日本の看護婦・士への適用可能性を検討し，それがどのような要素で構成されているかを探索することである．

　便宜的に選択した21名の看護婦・士に，内容妥当性が検証された半構成的質問紙を用いて面接調査を行った結果，Stylesの3つの要素に加えて，「自己実現・自己成長」「倫理・道徳規範の遵守」の2要素が新たに抽出され，professionhoodの構成要素として合計5つの要素が認められた．また，それぞれの項目には，2個から6個の下位要素が認められた．

Abstract

　Professionalism has been studied from many perspectives. However, only Styles (1982) has focused on the individual nurse and professionalism. She states professionhood is the reflection of individual nurses and that collective professionhood becomes professionalism. Styles identified three factors associated with professionhood, social significance, ultimacy of performance, and collegiality and collectivity.

　The purpose of the study reported here was to determine if professionhood could be applied to Japanese nurses and the factors of their professionhood are the same as the factors described by Styles. A semi structured interview guideline was developed and conducted with a convenience sample of 21 nurses. Age, work experience and work Place for the nurses varied.

　Data were analyzed using content analysis. Data revealed five factors associate with professionhood of Japanese nurses. Each factor also had two to six subfactors. The five main factors were social significance, ultimacy of performance, collegiality and collectivity, self-realization and protection of moral and ethical norms. The major focus of the five factors is as follows. Social significance describes wanting to be useful to the patients and the families and to be recognized by them as being useful. Ultimacy of performance describes providing the best care possible by integrating all the knowledge, skill and experience of the nurses. Collegiality and collectivity describes mutual support and sense of cohesion with colleagues that strengthen the power of nursing. Self-realization describes nursing as self-development. Protection of moral and ethical norms describes a sense of respect for human beings.

　Data from this study are currently being analyzed to determine what if any is the relationship among the five factors.