腰痛のある妊婦に対する足浴の効果

Evaluation Research on the Use of the Foot Bath for Pregnant Women Experiencing Low Back Pain

要旨

　本研究は腰痛のある妊婦に対して足浴を実施および指導し，その効果を検証することを目的とした．Roy適応モデルをもとに看護介入を計画し，四つの適応様式の側面から実験群と対照群の行動の変化を比較した．実験群の妊婦に対して介入初日に足浴の実施と指導を行い，その後，二週間の介入期間中は妊婦自身が家庭において自分で足浴を実施した．またこの間は，随時，電話により足浴に関する質問への対応を行った．行動の査定は，実験群は介入前と介入後で行い，一方，対照群は，実験群と同じ日数の間隔を空けて行った．

　得られた対象は実験群30例，対照群31例であった．両群の行動の変化を比較した結果，介入の効果が認められたのは，痛みの強さを軽減したことと，セルフケア動作機能の低下をより少なくしたことの二つであった．よって，足浴は腰痛のある妊婦の訴えを軽減するのに効果があると判断した．

Abstract

　The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of the“foot bath”for pregnant women experiencing low back pain. This research was based on the Roy adaptation model, and the effect of the foot bath was assessed from four adaptive modes. The independent variable was the foot bath intervention for the experimental group. The foot bath was self-implemented under the researcher's guidance for two weeks.

　The experimental group (30 subjects aged 25-42 with a mean age of 30.9) and the control group (31 subjects aged 20-37 with a mean age of 29.6) were recruited through convenience sampling.

　The findings are as follows. The foot bath was noted to reduce the strength of pain and effected a smaller decline in the self-care function. After intervention, subjects in the experimental group showed significant reduction in the strength of pain (p＜0.001). And,“a degree of reduction of the strength of pain”in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group (p＜0.05). The self-care function in both groups was noted to decline with the age of gestation. Within the period of intervention,“a degree of decline of self-care function”in the experimental group was smaller than that of the control group (p＜0.05).

　The above results indicated that the foot bath was effective for pregnant women experiencing low back pain.