消防職員の精神健康度に関連する要因についての検討

Factors Related to the Mental Health of Fire Fighting Staff

要旨

　目的：消防職員の心理的ストレス反応の特徴と，その心理的ストレス反応に影響を与えている職場ストレッサーやストレス関連要因を明らかにする．

　方法：某市消防本部に所属する443名の消防職員を対象に，2006年9月に無記名自記式質問紙調査を実施した．

　結果：消防職員は高い心理的ストレス反応を示し，中でも，日勤事務職員の心理的ストレス反応が高かった．消防職員の精神健康度には，「自尊心」「仕事外の活動」「同僚からの支援」など，ストレッサーとストレス反応の関連を強めたり弱めたりするストレス関連要因が大きく影響していた．

　結論：消防職員の精神健康度向上のためには，消防職員自身の自己対処能力を高めるためのストレスマネジメント教育や，ソーシャルサポート体制の強化を図ることが求められる．また，職務の特殊性に応じた方略を講じなければならない．

Abstract

　Objective：To elucidate the characteristics of psychological stress reaction among fire fighting staff as well as the occupational stressors and stress-related factors affecting the psychological stress reaction.

　Methods：An anonymous self-report questionnaire survey was conducted in September 2006 on 443 fire fighting staff belonging to a fire headquarters.

　Results：Fire fighting staff had a high level of psychological stress reaction, particularly those who were full-time staff. The mental health of fire fighting staff was greatly influenced by stress-related factors that strengthen or weaken the relationship between stressors and stress reaction, such as “self-esteem,” “non-work activities,” and “support from coworkers.”

　Conclusion：In order to improve the mental health of fire fighting staff, it is necessary to provide stress management education for improving the staff's own coping ability and to enhance social support systems. In addition, it is important to implement measures that consider the particular nature of the profession.