日本のCOVID-19禍における周産期うつの実態とその関連要因

Perinatal Depression and Related Factors under the COVID-19 Crisis in Japan

要旨

　目的：周産期うつの実態，関連する要因について，COVID-19流行禍の社会的影響を踏まえ検討する．

　方法：2020年10月オンライン自記式質問紙調査を行い妊婦739名，産後1年未満の母親1,603名から回答を得た．

　結果：周産期うつ高リスク者は，妊娠期108名（14.6％），産後1年未満351名（21.9％）であった．COVID-19禍の経験として，『子供を公共の場に連れていくことに対する批判の経験』は18.1％，『収入減少』は38.0％，『COVID-19罹患への恐怖』は77.2％であった．ロジスティック回帰分析の結果，周産期うつ高リスクと関連がみられた項目は，精神疾患既往，最終学歴，母児の健康問題，COVID-19の社会的影響であり，時期や分娩歴により異なった．

　結論：COVID-19禍において妊婦や母親の周産期うつが増加しており，COVID-19の社会的影響を考慮したケアの必要性が示唆された．

　Objective: This study aimed to investigate the actual situation of perinatal depression and related factors considering the social impact of COVID-19.

　Method: This was a cross-sectional study using an online self-administered questionnaire in October 2020, and responses were obtained from 739 pregnant women and 1,603 mothers less than a year postpartum.

　Results: Regarding the experience of crises related to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, “experiencing criticism for taking the child to public places” was found to be 18.1%, “reduced income” was 38.0%, and “fear of COVID-19 illness” was 77.2%. The logistic regression analysis showed that factors associated with the high risk of perinatal depression were ‘history of mental disorders’, ‘academic background’, ‘maternal and infant health condition’ and ‘social impact of COVID-19, varied depending on timing and delivery history.

　Conclusion: Depression among pregnant women and mothers increased in the COVID-19 pandemic, and it suggested the need for care considering the social impact of COVID-19.