地域で生活する精神障害者の生きがいの特徴

Purpose of Life of People with Mental Illness Living in the Community

要旨

　目的：地域で生活する精神障害者の生きがいの具体的内容と特徴，生きがいに影響を与える体験を明らかにすることを目的とした．

　方法：対象は，3年以上地域生活を続け研究に同意が得られた精神障害者17名であり，半構成的面接を実施し，得られたデータを質的に分析した．

　結果：生きがいの内容を示す5つのカテゴリ【他者の存在と関わり】【現在の生活への肯定的な感情】【趣味】【信仰】【仕事】と，生きがいに影響を与える要因を示す6つのカテゴリ【自覚する症状と病気】【他者による肯定的な理解と助言】【現在の生活】【あえて距離をとる対人関係】【家族との関係】【生きがいの気づきにくさ】が抽出された．

　結論：地域で生活する精神障害者は，自分を理解し支えてくれる他者の存在や，現在の生活への肯定的な感情，現在の趣味を生きがいとしている者が多くみられ，生きがいは普段の生活の中に多様に存在していた．また，生きがいの気づきにくさをもつ者もおり，精神障害者にとって他者の関わりは重要であると考えられた．

Abstract

　Purpose：The purpose of this study was to describe the concrete contents and characteristics, experiences which affected the purpose of life of people with mental illness living in the community for three years or more.

　Method：Using a semi-structured interview, seventeen subjects participated in the study. Interviews were analyzed by qualitative description.

　Result：The data was classified into 5 categories related to purpose of life：personal relationships with others, positive feelings toward current life, hobbies, religion, and work. In addition, 6 categories of factors emerged which affected their purpose of life：self-realization of their symptoms and illness, positive recognition and advice by others, current life, intentional interpersonal relationships，relation with the family, and hard to notice one's purpose of life.

　Conclusion：Most of the purposes of life of people with mental illness were the existence of other people, positive feelings toward current life, and current interests. And, the purposes of life existed variously in usual life. It was thought that the relation of others was important to people with mental illness, because there is the person who is hard to notice one's purpose of life.