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Pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP) Kazuaki FUKUSHIMA 1,2 , Naoki YANAGISAWA 3,4,5 1Department of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital 2Master of Tropical Medicine School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nagasaki University 3Bureau of International Health Cooperation National Center for Global Health and Medicine 4Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health 5Department of General Medicine Kyorin University School of Medicine pp.185-197
Published Date 2019/1/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.3102200611
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Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. Those at an increased risk of acquiring PCP include patients infected with HIV and a low CD4 count (usually <200cells/μL), hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients, those with cancer (especially hematologic malignancies) and rheumatologic disease, and those receiving glucocorticoids, chemotherapeutic agents, and other immunosuppressive medications. The clinical manifestations of PCP are diverse and greatly affected by the underlying condition. The clinical course of non-HIV-related PCP (NH-PCP) is rapid and typically presents as fulminant respiratory failure, whereas HIV-related PCP (HIV-PCP) is usually indolent. The definitive diagnosis of PCP requires detection of the organism from respiratory specimens usually obtained by bronchoscopy. However, clinicians are often challenged to make a definitive diagnosis due to the inability to obtain the necessary specimen. Therefore, a presumptive diagnosis is often made by serum tests, imaging findings and molecular techniques. Appropriate risk evaluation and antimicrobial prophylaxis is essential for PCP prevention. Clinicians should be aware of the many side effects caused by anti-PCP drugs. Adjunctive corticosteroid administration is recommended for moderate to severe HIV-PCP, but its efficacy in patients with NH-PCP remains to be elucidated.


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電子版ISSN 2186-7852 印刷版ISSN 1883-4833 メディカル・サイエンス・インターナショナル

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