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Oxygen transport from the blood to cells Koji HOSOKAWA 1 , Nobuaki SHIME 1 1Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences Hiroshima University pp.309-317
Published Date 2018/4/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.3102200505
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In this article, we summarize arterial oxygen (O2) transport and its utilization in tissues. Approximately 97% of O2 is transported combined with hemoglobin in red blood cells. As the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve demonstrates a progressive increase in the percent saturation of hemoglobin with an increase in the partial pressure of O2 (PO2), O2 binds with hemoglobin in blood with a high PO2 in pulmonary capillaries and is released in blood with a low PO2 in tissue capillaries. When the pH is low or the temperature is high, the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right (i.e. the Bohr effect), enhancing release of O2 and increasing O2 delivery to the tissues. From the capillaries in peripheral tissues, oxygen diffuses into cells to be utilized in mitochondria. During oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, the process of generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), hydrogen is oxidized to water, which is the end product of the process. In this normal respiratory chain reaction, where the cellular PO2 levels are greater than 1 mmHg, O2 consumption is constant, which means that PO2 is not a limiting factor in ATP production. If there is a shortage of oxygen delivered to the tissues (i.e. hypoxia), the anaerobic conversion of pyruvate to lactate is triggered. In patients with sepsis, production of lactate is not always due to anaerobic metabolism. Dysoxia is the condition where there is a failure of oxygen transport to, and utilization in the mitochondria. Innovative tools or indices for the evaluation of dysoxia are needed to better assess the effects of interventions including improvements in arterial PO2, cardiac output and tissue perfusion.


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電子版ISSN 2186-7852 印刷版ISSN 1883-4833 メディカル・サイエンス・インターナショナル

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