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Potential of Blood Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Dementia Kenji Tagai 1,2 , Takahiko Tokuda 1,3 1Brain Imaging Research Center, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology 2Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine 3Department of Diagnostic Pathophysiology, Division of Health and Longevity Medical Science, Osaka Metropolitan University Keyword: アルツハイマー病 , 血液バイオマーカー , リン酸化タウ , p-tau217 , アミロイドβ , 早期診断 , Alzheimer's disease , Blood biomarkers , Phosphorylated tau , Amyloid-β , Early diagnosis pp.271-275
Published Date 2026/3/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.188160960780030271
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Abstract

Blood biomarkers represent a major breakthrough in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma p-tau217/Aβ42 ratio demonstrates diagnostic accuracy comparable to PET and CSF examinations, leading to FDA approval of the first blood-based AD test in May 2025. With insurance coverage now extending to disease-modifying therapies such as lecanemab and donanemab at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, the clinical adoption of these minimally invasive diagnostic tools is rapidly advancing. Current development includes Core 1 biomarkers (A: Aβ proteinopathy, T1: phosphorylated tau) and emerging Core 2 biomarkers (T2: tau proteinopathy), with novel assays such as mid-p-tau181 showing promise. However, its application to asymptomatic individuals in brain dock settings remains challenging due to ethical considerations, including psychological burden and the uncertainty of predicting disease progression. Future directions include integrating digital biomarkers to enhance diagnostic accuracy and generating evidence for long-term healthcare benefits, while addressing standardization across manufacturers and implementing dual-cutoff strategies to optimize clinical utility.


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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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