周術期感染症

Surgical site infections

健常細菌叢は，抗炎症作用や腸管上皮の防御機能を高める作用を有する．周術期には，この細菌叢は手術侵襲，抗菌薬投与，絶食による腸管粘膜の萎縮などの影響でかく乱され，それがSSIや抗菌薬起因腸炎といった周術期疾患の一因となる．周術期感染性疾患を予防するためには，手術に応じた適切な予防的抗菌薬の使用が不可欠である．感染が起こった場合には，早期にこれを診断し，適切な治療を行いつつ，水平感染を防ぐことが重要である．

Normal intestinal bacterial flora has an anti-inflammatory effect and enhances the mucosal barrier of intestine. In the perioperative period the normal bacterial flora was disturbed by a lot of factors such as surgical procedure, antibiotics administration, intestinal paralysis or intestinal mucosal atrophy due to long term parenteral nutrition. The disturbance of the normal flora causes SSIs (Surgical Site Infections) and the antibiotics-associated enteritis. To prevent such perioperative infectious diseases it is important to use appropriate antimicrobial agents. To prevent hospital acquired infection is also important. Early diagnosis and intervention are indispensable in the treatment.