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1. About 600 consecutive autopsied cases of the Japanese aged were studied clinico-patholgically on the cerebral atherosclerosis.
2. The cerebral atherosclerosis and cerebral vascular lesion were low in frequencies in 1948 −49, but since then repidly increased.
3. At present, the incidences of cerebral atherosclerosis as well as cerebral vascular lesion were very high（70-80 per cent）in our series.
4. Occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage is less related to the cerebral atherosclerosis, while cerebral thrombosis related closely to the cerebral atherosclerosis.
5. Extracranial arteries show of limited value in diagnosing the cerebral atherosclerosis.
6. Clinical symptoms and signs of the cerebral atherosclerosis were shown. Senile tremor does not relate to the cerebral atherosclerosis.
7. Lacunar syndrome was studied retrospectively.
8. Blood pressure is a useful criterion to assume the cerebral atherosclerosis.
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