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遺伝性脱髄モデルマウスは,一般的には表1に示すごとく,ミエリン脂質代謝障害をきたす。Krabbe病マウス(twitcher),ミエリン蛋白質の代謝異常症であるJimpyマウス,QuakingマウスならびにMSDマウスなどが知られている。ミエリン蛋白質代謝異常症では,脱髄よりむしろミエリン形成不全症で最近proteolipid protein(PLP)やmeylin basic protein(MBP)の蛋白遺伝子の異常が明らかにされた1)。本稿では主に,脂質代謝異常により脱髄をきたすtwitcherマウスを中心に脱髄の機構を解説する。
Genetic mutant mice for human demyelinating disorder, so called Twitcher mouse, have been studied. This mouse model is characterized by enzyme deficiency of cerebroside beta-galactosidase and also by accumulation of galactocerebroside in the kidney. Furthermore, we found a large accumulation of psychosine in myelin and dorsal root ganglion from twticher mice. The accumulation of psychosine rather than galactocerebroside was due to significant impairment of galactosylsphingosine degradation in cultured skin fibroblasts from twitcher mice.
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