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New technologies for treatment of neurological diseases:RNA interference Hidehiro Mizusawa 1 1Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Keyword: RNA interference , RNAi , small interfering RNA , siRNA , Machado-Joseph disease , SOD1 , siRNA transgenic mouse pp.915-920
Published Date 2005/12/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1431100113
  • Abstract
  • Look Inside

RNA interference(RNAi)is a process whereby small noncoding RNAs silence specific genes. It is important to realize that dsRNAs shorter than 30 base pairs(small interfering RNA:siRNA)could be used to trigger an RNAi response in mammals. Using the RNAi machinery, it would be possible to suppress the expression of genes which cause many intractable neurological diseases. We have been studying to develop gene therapies for neurological diseases using siRNA. First, we have successfully developed specific siRNAs for many neurological diseases including spinocerebellar ataxias and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sporadic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cerebral infarction with arteriosclerosis could also be targets of siRNA therapy. SiRNA transgenic mouse was produced and its crossing with SOD1G93A transgenic mouse revealed almost complete suppression of the onset of ALS in the SOD1G93A and siRNA double transgenic animals. In addition to neurological diseases, there have been reported many studies on siRNA gene therapies for viral infections, cancers and so on. Vectors such as adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, and liposome have been developed and improved resulting in sufficient suppression of endogenous genes. The next problem is the delivery of siRNAs. We have succeeded to suppress a function of the brain endothelial cells by the hydrodynamic method. Further studies are necessary to deliver siRNA into the brain parenchyma across the blood brain barrier and to address many questions regarding specificity, efficacy, and safety of siRNA therapy in vivo.


Copyright © 2005, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1882-1243 印刷版ISSN 0001-8724 医学書院

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