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Gene therapy of Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:therapeutic experiments in animal models Imaharu Nakano 1 1Department of Neurology, Jichi Medical School Keyword: 遺伝子治療 , パーキンソン病 , 筋萎縮性側索硬化症 , モデル動物 pp.905-913
Published Date 2005/12/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1431100112
  • Abstract
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Parkinson's disease(PaD)and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)are representatives of neurodegenerative diseases. Although there are medical or neurosurgical treatments for patients with PaD, they finally fall into a bed-ridden state because the therapies are not curative but only symptomatic. Patients with ALS cannot enjoy even such a symptomatic therapy that brings transient amelioration. Thus, development of new and effective therapies against these conditions is earnestly desired.

 We use adeno-associated viruses as vectors that are known to be non-pathogenic to human beings, and to transfect non-mitotic cells like neurons and muscle cells.

 One of our strategies of PaD gene therapy is to recover dopamine production in the striatum by injecting there genes of enzymes that work in dopamine synthesis:tyrosine hydroxylase(TH), GTP cyclohydrolase I(GCH), and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase(AADC). Simultaneous injection of AAV-TH, AAV-GCH, and AAV-AADC into the unilateral putamen of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-produced parkinsonian monkeys clearly improved contralateral limb movements for years. Immunohistochemistry using anti-TH, -GCH, and-AADC antibodies revealed obvious immunoreactivity in the widespread area of the treated putamen respectively. Micordialysis of the putamen of such monkeys demonstrated recovery of dopamine production in the treated side. Based on those data, we are planning to conduct a clinical research of gene therapy of PaD.

 Regarding ALS gene therapy experiments, we injected the limb muscles of G93A SOD1 transgenic mice with AAV-GDNF(glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor)with an expectation that GDNF produced in the injected muscles be retrogradely transported to the motoneurons and to protect them by autocrine and/or paracrine. Four limbs injection of AAV-GDNF delayed the onset and prolonged the survival of the mice significantly. Unilateral AAV-GDNF injection ameliorated symptoms as well as rescued anterior horn motoneurons only ipsilaterally.

 Thus, gene therapy using AAV vectors can be a promising treatment of tragic neurodegenerative diseases such as PaD and ALS.


Copyright © 2005, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1882-1243 印刷版ISSN 0001-8724 医学書院

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