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本邦では成人期になり注意欠如多動症(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder:ADHD)と診断される方が急増している。ADHDの特性は健常発達者との連続性があり,そのときの環境や成長過程によって変動しやすい。特に成人例においては,精神疾患を併存しやすいため,ADHD特性に影響を与えている。ADHDは多様な臨床症状,ヘテロな生物学的な背景を持つ。病態,病因の解明に向けて,RDoC(Research Domain Criteria)的なアプローチに加えて,生物学的に比較的均一なサブカテゴリーに分類する試みが期待される。
Abstract
Diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood is increasing rapidly in Japan. The ADHD symptoms occur on a continuum with those of normal development and are likely to fluctuate with the growth process and environment at the time of diagnosis. Especially in adult cases, comorbid psychiatric disorders tend to influence the characteristics of ADHD. ADHD has diverse clinical manifestations and a heterogeneous biological background. In addition to the RDoC approach to elucidate the pathogenesis and etiology of the disorder, we expect that attempts will be made to classify the disorder into relatively homogeneous biological subcategories.
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