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Autism Spectrum Disorders:Recent Advances in the Research on the Impairment in Social Communication Nobumasa Kato 1,5 , Hidenori Yamasue 2,5 , Keiichiro Watanabe 3 , Seiichiro Jinde 2 , Miyuki Sadamatsu 4 1Department of Psychiatry,Karasuyama Hospital,Showa University School of Medicine 2Department of Neuropsychiatry,Graduate School of Medicine,The University of Tokyo 3The University of Tokyo Health Service Center 4Department of Psychiatry,Nara Medical University 5Japan Science and Technology Agency,CREST Keyword: autism spectrum disorders , Asperger syndrome , genetics , neuroimage , animal model , oxytocin pp.975-986
Published Date 2010/9/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100750
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Abstract

 Since the discovery of early infantile autism (1943), the etiology of the disease has for long been a matter of dispute-from a form of innate schizophrenia, maltreatment by ‘refrigerator mother', to dysfunction of speech development. After the re-discovery of Asperger syndrome by Wing (1981), the concept of this diverse syndrome complex has merged to pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) or autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

 People suffering from Asperger syndrome do not show impairments in speech development, in fact, they have good linguistic abilities. They can explain their own psychopathology, which helps in the understanding of classical autism with profound mental retardation. Currently, ASD is prevalent in 1 of 150 births with strong genetic inheritance. ASD is therefore thought a psychiatric common disease.

 Asperger syndrome has frequently been the subject of neuroimaging studies,since social communication is an important characteristic of human behavior. This review encompasses a historical and clinical overview of ASD and puts force the current perspectives on the researches in animal models,genetic studies of animal and human samples,and neuroimaging studies. Our current focus is the possible role of oxytocin,which was recently found to have an effect on empathy,in the etiology of ASD.


Copyright © 2010, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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