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要約 目的:眼皮膚白皮症(OCA)患者に対する白内障手術は黄斑低形成により大幅な視力改善が見込めないためか,わが国では報告が少ない。今回,OCA患者の両眼の白内障手術を施行し良好な経過が得られたので報告する。
症例:患者は68歳,女性。幼少期より両眼の弱視,強度近視,水平眼振,内斜視,虹彩色素の低下,黄斑低形成を認めていた。術前に視力低下を自覚し,視力は左右とも(0.03)であり,両眼に加齢性白内障を認めた。術中,水平眼振が強かったため上下直筋に4-0絹糸を用いて制御糸をかけた。また前囊の視認性が悪かったため,インドシアニングリーンにて前囊染色を行ったところ視認性が向上し,安全に前囊切開を行えた。超音波水晶体乳化吸引術後,眼内レンズを挿入し手術終了とした。両眼とも術中・術後の合併症はなく,術後の視力は右(0.07),左(0.08)となり,自覚症状の改善が得られた。
考按:わが国ではこれまでにもOCA患者に対する白内障手術の報告がいくつかある。程度の差はあるが,いずれも本症例のように視力改善を認めている。
結論:OCA患者の加齢性白内障に対する超音波水晶体乳化吸引術は,対策次第で安全に行うことができる。また,大幅な視力改善は見込めないものの,手術により自覚症状の改善が得られる症例もあると考えられる。
Abstract Purpose:Cases of cataract surgery for oculocutaneous albinism(OCA)have been rarely reported in Japan, probably because macular hypoplasia expectedly prevents significant improvement in visual acuity. In this study, we report a favorable outcome after performing cataract surgery in both eyes of a patient with OCA.
Case:A 68-year-old woman presented with amblyopia, severe myopia, horizontal nystagmus, esotropia, hypopigmentation of the iris, and macular hypoplasia since childhood. Before surgery, the patient was aware of decreased visual acuity, with best corrected decimal visual acuity of 0.03 in the right eye and 0.03 in the left eye, and cataracts in both eyes. During surgery, the patient had strong horizontal nystagmus and a 4-0 silk thread was used to control the superior and inferior rectus muscles. The visibility of the anterior capsule improved after staining with indocyanine green, and an anterior capsulotomy was performed safely. After phacoemulsification and aspiration, an intraocular lens was inserted, and the surgery was completed. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in either eye. Postoperative best corrected decimal visual acuity was 0.07 in the right eye and 0.08 in the left eye, with improvement in subjective symptoms.
Discussion:In Japan, several cases of cataract surgery for OCA have been reported. Although the degree of improvement was varied, all of them have shown improvement in visual acuity similar to the present case.
Conclusion:Cataract surgery for OCA can be performed safely depending on the measures taken. Although significant improvement in visual acuity cannot be expected, the procedure may improve subjective symptoms in some cases.
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