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要約 目的:近年,黄斑下血腫に対し組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子(t-PA)と空気を網膜下に注入する治療法が広く行われている。しかし,7.9〜9.1%の確率で注入時に黄斑円孔(MH)を生じることが報告されている。今回筆者らは,黄斑下血腫に対し同手技を施行したところ同様の合併症が起きたため,内境界膜(ILM)を剝離し翻転ILMフラップを作成し閉鎖した症例を経験したので報告する。
症例:78歳,男性。右眼中心暗点を主訴に発症後2日目に紹介され受診した。初診時の右視力は(0.04),2乳頭径大の黄斑下血腫を認めた。発症後11日目に水晶体再建術,経毛様体扁平部硝子体切除術を施行した。38Gエクステンダブルチップカニューレを使用し,t-PAと空気を圧出注入した。急な圧負荷のためか,中心窩より出血し空気が流出した。ILMフラップを作りMHに埋没させ,空気置換しSF6ガスを注入し手術を終了した。術後6日目に光干渉断層計にてMHは閉鎖していた。術1年後の視力は(0.07)であった。
結論:本症例では,圧制御を行ったにもかかわらずMHを生じた。出血により中心窩が脆弱化し,圧変動への耐久性が低くなった可能性がある。先にILM剝離などの処理を行うと,MHが生じた場合にILMフラップの作成ができなくなるため注意を要する。
Abstract Purpose:In recent years, a treatment method in which tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA)and air are injected under the retina for submacular hematoma has been widely used. However, it has been reported that there is a 7.9-9.1% chance of macular hole(MH)occurring during injection. Herein, we report a case of iatrogenic MH closed by inverted inner limiting membrane(ILM)flap, experienced when the same procedure was performed for submacular hematoma.
Case:A 78-year-old male was referred to the hospital on the second day after the onset of central scotoma in his right eye. At the time of admission, best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was 0.04 in the right eye. A submacular hematoma two disc diameter in size was found. On the 11th day after the onset, lens reconstruction and pars plana vitrectomy were performed. Using 38 G Extendable PolyTip® Cannulas, t-PA and air were injected. Subretinally bleeding and air outflow from the fovea occurred probably due to a sudden pressure load. We made the flap, buried it in the MH, replaced the vitreouscavity with air, injected SF6 gas, and completed the procedure. MH was closed by OCT on the 6th day after the operation. One year after the operation, BCVA was 0.07.
Conclusion:In this case, MH occurred during sub retinal injection despite controlling the pressure. Bleeding may have weakened the fovea and reduced its resistance to pressure fluctuations. Note that if ILM separation is performed first, an ILM flap cannot be created if MH develops.
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