就学時健康診断における家庭および健診時視力検査結果の比較検討

Comparison of visual acuity test by professionals and by the family in preschool children

要約　目的：平成25年度相模原市就学時健康診断（健診）における家庭と健診時の視力検査結果の一致性について検討した。

対象と方法：健診前に保護者へ検査説明書類を配布し家庭にて視力測定を実施，1.0判読の可否を記録した。健診時視力検査は，13校706名が対象児全員に実施（全員実施群），10校194名が家庭にて1.0判読不可の児を中心に実施（抽出実施群）された。健診時は学校保健安全法に準拠し，視能訓練士が裸眼もしくは眼鏡視力を測定した。

結果：家庭と健診時の視力検査結果一致率は全員実施群72.5％，抽出実施群68.5％で両群間に差はなかった（p＝0.118）。

結論：家庭と健診時の視力検査結果の一致性は約7割にとどまり，健診時視力検査は対象児全員に実施する必要性が示された。

Abstract　Purpose: To compare the outcome of two types of visual acuity test in preschool children.

Cases and Methods: This study was made on 900 children who received physical examination before entrance to primary school in the City of Sagamihara in 2013. Visual acuity in all the children were tested at home using Landolt optotype for 1.0 at 3 meters. Additionally, visual acuity was tested by orthoptists in 706 children and not in the other 194 children.

Results: Visual acuity agreed between values at physical examinations and at home in 72.5% in all the group and in 68.5% in 194 children who were initially tested by the family.

Conclusion: Visual acuity was correct in about 70% when tested at home. The findings show that visual acuity test ought to be conducted by professionals for preschool children.