知的障害者の視聴覚健康診断の試み―視覚健診の結果を中心に

Screening for visual and hearing impairment in adults with intellectual disability

目的：知的障害者の視聴覚障害の実態を把握し，治療の可能性を検討する目的で実施した視聴覚健康診断の結果報告。対象：某知的障害者施設への通所者75名のうち家族の同意が得られた48名が視聴覚健康診断に参加した。方法：問診，Landolt視標とTeller acuity cardsによる視力，眼位，眼球運動，細隙灯顕微鏡検査，耳音響放射などによるスクリーニング検査を行った。結果：視力検査は39名で可能であった。白内障が6名に，角膜混濁が2名にあった。聴覚検査は46名で可能であった。耳音響放射で両側聴覚障害が8名に疑われた。結論：視聴覚機能は日常生活で重要な要素であり，視聴覚検診は知的障害者の二次的な生活機能障害を把握するために有用である。

Purpose：To report the outcome of a screening program to detect visual and hearing impairment in adults with intellectual disability. Cases：This program was entered by 48 out of 75 persons who were attending a regional day care center for adults with mental retardation. Method：Besides routine ophthalmological examinations,visual acuity was tested by Landolt optotypes and Teller acuity cards. Hearing function was screened by otoacoustic emission and others. Results：Visual acuity could be examined in 39 persons. Cataract was detected in 6 persons and corneal opacity in 2. Hearing test was possible in 46 persons. Bilateral hearing loss was suspected in 8 persons. Conclusion：Visual or hearing impairment are important factors in daily life. Our screening program was useful to detect visual or hearing impairment in intellectually handicapped persons.