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はじめに
悪性脳腫瘍の化学療法を効果的に行なうためには感受性の高い薬剤を選択するとともに,その薬剤が腫瘍組織に充分に到達し,しかも腫瘍以外の他臓器には影響の少ない局所投与法を採用することが好ましいと考えられる。局所投与法としては,頸動脈ないしは椎骨動脈より挿管して,動脈内注入を行なう方法が一般に行なわれているが,この方法では両側性の腫瘍や中心部の腫瘍に対しては動脈の灌流領域からみて目的が達せられない。また長期にわたる持続的動脈注入は血栓,動脈炎等重篤な合併症をもたらす危険があり,自然抜管による出血等,管理面での困難な問題も多い。髄腔内投与による化学療法はこれらの欠点をカバーし,しかも広範囲にわたる腫瘍や脳室内腫瘍には適切な方法と考えられた。
一方,悪性脳腫瘍の治療に放射線増感剤として5-bro—mo-2’-deoxyuridine (BUdR)とantimetaboliteを動注しながら放射線治療を行なうBAR (BUdR-Antime—tabolite-Radiation)療法は佐野,星野,永井1)〜7)により開発されて以来,脳腫瘍特に悪性gliomaの治療成績を著しく向上させたと報告されている8)9)。
Intrathecal BAR (BUdR-Antimetabolite-Radia-tion) therapy was applied to 21 cases of malignant brain tumors (pineoblastoma 2, pinealoma 2, ectopic pinealoma 2, unverified 3rd ventricular tumor 2, glioblastoma 1, oligodendro-ependymoma 1, menin-gosarcoma 1, retinoblastoma 1 and metastatic cancer 7 cases). Ficon tube (2 mm outer diameter) wasinserted either intraventricle or in local dead space of the tumor removed. (1) Bromouridine (BUdR), 50-150 mg/d as radiosensitizer, (2) Methotrexate, 0.3-1.5 mg/d or Mitomycin C, 0.3-0.5 mg/d as chemotherapeutic drug and (3) Dextran sulfate-lysosome labilizer-(MDS), 50-150 mg/d for intensi-fying the tumoricydal effect of chemotherapeutic drugs were combined and disolved in saline. Con-tinuous intrathecal infusion was carried out by using portable chronofuser for 2 to 6 weeks ac-companied with radiation therapy (ultra-high vol-tage X-ray). Effects of the therapy was evaluated by clinial improvements X-rav examinations orany other possible examinations. Long term survi-val was evaluated espescially on the basis of pos-sibility of normal social life of the patients. Among 21 cases, 14 were quite effective, a case of medul-loblastoma showed no effect and 6 other cases can not be fully evaluated the effectiveness at the moment. The merits of this intrathecal BAR therapy are safety and easiness of the treatment, compared to the intraarterial BAR therapy. The indication of the method is for intraventricular, multiple and disseminated tumors.
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