インフルエンザ・ワクチンによる接種後脳炎

A CASE OF POSTVACCINAL ENCEPHALITIS DUE TO INFLUENZA VACCINE

I．はじめに

　Pasteurによる狂犬病ワクチンの発見以来，ワクチン接種は感染疾患の予防治療に多大の貢献をもたらした。その副作用は，ワクチン精製法の改良進歩によつて減少しているが^{8）11）29）}，まだ根絶するにいたつておらず，とくに中枢神経系の侵襲に関して，狂犬病ワクチン接種後脳炎のごとき重篤な後遺症がわが国で報告されている^25〜29）。

　インフルエンザ・ワクチンはもつとも普及しているワクチンの一つで，わが国では年間2000万人におよぶ接種にもかかわらず，ほとんど副作用の報告がない。ことに中枢神経系の侵襲についての臨床報告はWarren^22）（1956）のほかにわずかに二，三のものに接しうるのみである。^5）

A case of post-vaccinal encephalitis following influ-enza vaccination was reported.

Following injection of 0.5 ml of influenza vaccine for the first time in her life, a 16-year-old female presented signs of local inflammation, loss of taste and hypesthesia spreading toward face from the site of injection. After a week such symptoms as fever, con-fusion, convulsions and involuntary movements of extremities appeared. Grade of confusion was fluctua-ting and was accompanied with various mental and neurological symptoms as excessive attention to things, tremor, and rigid-spasticity of extremities. These sym-ptoms lasted for three months before a steroid shock therapy. She recovered from the illness without resi-dual disturbances.

The pathogenesis of the illness was discussed with reference to delayed hypersensitivity.