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要旨 日中の過眠を伴い,進行性核上性麻痺(progressive supranuclear palsy:PSP)のprobable例と考えられた74歳女性を経験した。本例の過眠はカタプレキシーはないが,睡眠潜時の短縮,HLA-DR2/DQB1陽性,髄液オレキシンA(ハイポクレチンI)の測定感度以下の低値を示し,ナルコレプシーと共通した病態が推察される。PSPではオレキシン受容体の存在する黒質,青斑核,脳幹被蓋などに変性がみられ,オレキシン神経細胞の存在する視床下部にも神経原線維変化が出現する例もあり,オレキシン系の異常との関連が推測される。日中の眠気には,塩酸メチルフェニデートが有効であった。
Abstract
We report a 74-year-old woman with excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS)who were diagnosed as probable progressive supranuclear palsy(PSP). Her EDS mimicked narcolepsy without cataplexy, because multiple sleep latency tests showed short latencies, human leukocyte antigen testing was positive for DR2/DQB1,and orexin A(hypocretin-I)concentration in her cerebrospinal fluid was undetectable. In PSP, neurofibrillary tangles ap pears in the hypothalamus, neuronal loss and gliosis are seen in a number of pontine and mesencephalic tegmental nuclei, substantia nigra, locus caeruleus. These neuropathological changes of PSP may cause decreased pre- or post-synaptic hypothalamic orexin neurotrasmission because orexin neurons are located in the hypothalamus and project widely to the forebrain and the brain stem. In our patient, the treatment with methylphenidate HCl was effective on EDS.
(Received : September 22, 2003)
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