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要旨●血管炎症候群の中には肉芽腫形成性の血管炎を来す疾患が存在する.多発血管炎性肉芽腫症(GPA)と好酸球性多発血管炎性肉芽腫症(EGPA)はANCA関連血管炎に分類され,全身性に細小血管の壊死性血管炎を来す.一方,巨細胞性動脈炎(GCA)では主として大動脈とその分枝が罹患し,巨細胞を伴う肉芽腫性血管炎を呈する.これらの疾患では,時に消化管に多発性のびらん,不整形〜地図状潰瘍が出現し,消化管穿孔や大量出血を来し予後不良となる場合があるため注意を要する.ただし,消化管病変からの生検では血管炎や肉芽腫を確認しうることは少なく,診断に際しては他検査所見も含めた総合的な判断が必要である.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis are vasculitis syndromes that invade small vessels and often form a granuloma. These diseases are part of ANCA-associated systemic vasculitides. Giant cell arteritis is an arteritis syndrome that presents as granulomatous inflammation with giant cells in the artery. Some patients with these diseases have gastrointestinal(GI)lesions. As a feature of GI involvement, multiple erosions and irregular or geographic ulcers are frequently observed on endoscopy in the small and large intestines. In some cases, they often cause intestinal perforation and severe bleeding. It seems that aggressive evaluation of GI tract is necessary. For the proper diagnosis of these diseases, it is important to check for systemic disorders because of poor diagnosis of GI lesions by biopsy.
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