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要旨 急性虫垂炎の診断には理学所見が重視され,緊急開腹手術が標準治療であった.しかし,画像診断技術の進歩,抗菌薬の開発,腹腔鏡下手術の普及により治療方針が多様化している.特に,非穿孔性虫垂炎に対しては保存的治療が選択される機会が増加し,delayed appendectomyやinterval appendectomyなど,緊急手術以外での手術治療も行われている.また,妊婦,高齢者では身体所見からの診断は困難であることが多く,画像診断を適切に用いて穿孔性腹膜炎となる前に手術を行うことが重要である.
Physical examination is emphasized in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and emergency surgery is considered to be the standard treatment. Recently, treatment of acute appendicitis has diversified because of advances in imaging and antibiotics, in addition to increased use of laparoscopic surgery. Non-operative therapy, delayed appendectomy, and interval appendectomy have become widely accepted for patients with non-perforated appendicitis. Establishing a diagnosis of appendicitis during pregnancy or in elderly patients is difficult. Therefore, in those patients, it is important to base the diagnosis using appropriate imaging study findings and proceed to immediate appendectomy, to avoid peritonitis.
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