言語聴覚研究の進め方

Research methods on speech-language-hearing disorders

　研究の進め方，特に言語聴覚障害学におけるそれについて解説した．量的研究は，実験的研究，観察的研究，記述的研究（事例研究）の3種類に区分される．前二者においては，事前にPICO/PECOに基づき，リサーチクエスチョン（目的）を明確にし，実施方法（方法）を綿密に計画する．そして研究計画書を策定して倫理審査を受審する．データ（結果）の分析およびその解釈（考察）も，基本的には事前に練られた計画に沿って行う．事後解析に頼ったデータ解釈は間違いを起こしやすく，そうならざるを得ない事例研究では，その限界に注意する．研究発表，特に口頭発表・ポスター発表の要点についても解説した．

　This article describes research methods, especially those used to investigate speech-language-hearing disorders. Quantitative research studies are classified into experimental studies, observational studies, and descriptive studies (case-studies). In the former two, prior to collecting the data, clear research question(s) (Aim(s)) and defined research methods (Methods) are formulated based on the PICO/PECO (Patients, Intervention/Exposure, Comparison, Outcome) framework, and the established research plan is reviewed by an ethics committee. The analyses of the research data (Results) and its interpretation (Discussion) are generally performed according to the research plan. Post-hoc analyses are prone to errors in interpretation, and as a result, case-studies have substantial limitations. In addition, this article explains how to report on research, specifically via oral and poster presentations.