時間的展望の観点からみた女性看護職の生涯発達の様相と関連要因

Female Nurses' Life Span Development and Related Factors Viewed from the Time Perspective

抄録

　目的　時間的展望の観点から女性看護職の生涯発達の様相と、関連要因を解明すること。

　方法　東海地方を中心に概ね200床以上の病院に勤務する女性看護職に、時間的展望体験尺度（白井，2007）および家族や職務について質問紙調査を行った。

　結果・考察　4100名の回答を分析した結果、中年期以降に時間的展望が変化し、50歳代になり「目標指向性」「希望」が再度上昇した。家族要因では、配偶者あり群が、独身群に比較して、すべての下位尺度において、時間的展望が長い。育児や介護による時間的展望の狭まりは認められないなど、先行研究とは異なる特徴を示した。職務要因では、看護師を志望した時期が小学またはそれ以前群では「目標指向性」が高く、職位ではスタッフは「目標指向性」が高く、師長では「現在の充実感」が高かった。以上から女性看護職では、他職種を含む女性や男性と比較して、時間的展望の観点からみた生涯発達の様相や関連要因が異なることが明らかになった。

Abstract

　This study examines female nurses' life span development and related factors, viewing from the time perspective. A questionnaire survey was administered to female nurses working at hospitals with 200 beds or more, mainly in the Tokai District, asking about the Experimental Time Perspective Scale (Shirai) and family and job factors. Analyzing the answers from 4,100 nurses revealed that the time perspective changed when the nurses entered middle age; goal-directedness and hopes increased again in their fifties. The family factors showed different tendencies from previous studies. For example, the married group showed a longer time perspective in all sub-scales than the unmarried group, and a narrowing of the time perspective due to child rearing or caring for elderly parents was not observed. As for job factors, nurses who decided to become nurses before graduating from elementary school showed higher goal-directedness. Concerning positions, staff nurses showed higher goal-directedness; chief nurses showed higher currently feeling fulfilled. From the above, the study revealed that female nurses' life span development and related factors viewed from the time perspective were different from those of other male and female workers.