妊婦や母子に特化した避難所の在り方：被災者のニーズと支援者の課題の把握に関する文献検討

Shelters specializing in pregnant women and mothers and their children: a literature review on understanding the needs of the affected population and the challenges faced by providers of support

要約

　妊産婦、母子ための避難所の設置に向けて、妊産婦、母子に特化した避難所へのニーズに焦点を当て、先行研究の知見を統合することを本研究の目的とした。医学中央雑誌ウエブ版（医中誌）、CiNii、厚生労働省科学研究成果データベースを用いて文献検索を行い、避難所での妊婦・母子支援における現状と課題について情報を整理した。

　合計551件が抽出されアンケートを含めた10件を対象とした。結果から、乳幼児を持つ母親、妊産婦は避難行動がスムーズに取れるような支援を要していたことや、母子・妊産婦が要配慮者として認識されず、適切な支援に至っていない現状が明らかになった。支援者側の課題としては、災害時の迅速な対象者の把握と避難所運営スタッフの母子支援に対する知識の普及や母子の避難所運営に対するガイドラインやマニュアルの活用などが求められている。

　The purpose of this study was to integrate the findings of previous studies with a focus on the needs for shelters specifically for pregnant and postpartum women, mothers, and children in order to establish shelters for pregnant and postpartum women, mothers, and children. A literature search was conducted using the Web version of the Central Journal of Medical Science (Igaku Chuo Zasshi), CiNii, and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare's Scientific Research Results Database to organize information on the current status and issues in supporting pregnant women, mothers, and children at evacuation centers.

　A total of 551 cases were extracted and 10 cases including questionnaires were included. The results revealed that mothers with infants and pregnant and nursing mothers needed support to enable them to evacuate smoothly, and that mothers, children, and pregnant and nursing mothers were not recognized as persons requiring special consideration, and that appropriate support had not yet been provided. As issues for supporters, prompt identification of the target population at the time of disaster, dissemination of knowledge of support for mothers and children among evacuation center management staff, and the use of guidelines and manuals for the management of evacuation centers for mothers and children are required.