一歳児を育てる母親の育児力尺度の開発（1）—育児力の概念分析と尺度原案作成

Development of A Childrearing Capability Scale for Mothers Raising A One-year-old Infant And Verification of Its Credibility And Validity(1): Concept Analysis of Childrearing Capability And Drafting of The Scale

目的

　地域で一歳児を育てる母親の育児力を総合的に捉え、母親への的確な育児支援を行うために、一歳児を育てる母親の育児力を測定する尺度の尺度原案を作成することである。

対象と方法

　一歳児を育てる母親の育児力の構成概念を明らかにするために、「乳幼児を育てる母親の育児力」の概念分析と一歳児を育てる母親へのフォーカス・グループ・インタビューから育児力を構成する概念を明らかにし、尺度項目の抽出を行った。その後、専門家による内容妥当性の検討とプレテストによる項目の再検討を行った。

結果

　「乳幼児を育てる母親の育児力」の概念分析の分析対象は、80文献で、育児力を定義しているものはなかった。分析の結果、「乳幼児を育てる育児力の概念は、8つの属性、5つの先行要件、7つの帰結が抽出された。また、一歳児を育てる母親へのフォーカスグループインタビューでは、一歳児を育てる母親の育児力を構成する概念として8項目が明らかとなった。これらの概念分析から一歳児を育てる母親の育児力尺度は、9つの下位尺度と110の尺度項目とした。内容妥当性指数が基準値以下の項目は2項目であった。プレテストの結果、項目数は多いものの質問は答えやすいという感想を得た。回答に要する時間は10分前後であった。

結論

　「母親の育児力とは、母親が自分の健康管理を行いながら、日常生活を整えられるよう、一歳児を捉える力を持ち、子どもと向き合い、子どもを理解し受け入れ、母として成長しようとする力により、夫と協力し必要な支援を受け入れて、工夫して子どもに関わる力」とし、「一歳児を育てる母親の育児力尺度」の原案として、9つの下位尺度からなる110項目を作成した。

Objective

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess the childrearing capability of mothers raising a one-year-old infant in a certain region and verify its credibility and validity, in order to comprehensively capture their childrearing capability and, eventually, provide them with appropriate support for childrearing.

Methods

In order to clarify the constitutive concept of the childrearing capability of mothers raising a one-year-old infant, concept analyses and focus-group interviews with such mothers were conducted, and scale items were preliminarily extracted. Then, the content validity was examined by experts and the items were reviewed based on pre-test results.

Results

The concept analysis of the "childrearing capability of mothers raising a one-year-old infant" was conducted by reviewing 80 literatures. It was found that such capability is not defined in any literatures. After the concept analysis, eight attributes, five antecedent factors, and seven consequents were extracted. After the focus-group interviews, eight items were extracted as the concept that constitutes the "childrearing capability of mothers raising a one-year-old infant". From these concept analyses, nine sub-scales and 110 scale items were employed for the childrearing capability scale. The content validity index was less than the standard value only in two scale items. The results of the pre-tests suggested that the questions can be easily answered although the questions are voluminous. The time needed to answer the questions was about 10 minutes.

Conclusions

The mothers' childrearing capability was defined as an "ability to engage in the child by controlling her own health, well-preparing for daily life, having an ability to capture the one-year-old infant, facing the child, understanding and accepting the child, exerting her strength to grow as a mother, and accepting necessary support in cooperation with her husband". For drafting the childrearing capability scale for mothers raising a one-year-old infant, 110 scale items consisting of nine sub-scales were employed.