育児不安・育児困難感をもつ母親の育児力を高める看護—子育て支援の場における母親への関わりの分析

Nursing Practice for the Improvement of Parenting Abilities of Mothers with Anxiety and Difficulty in Child Rearing: An Analysis of Caring Practice for Mothers in Parenting Support Setting

目的

　育児不安・育児困難感をもつ母親の育児力を高めるための看護上の指針を得ることを目的とした。

対象と方法

　研究参加者は、育児支援の場において育児不安、育児困難感をもつ母親9名である。参与観察法を用い、研究者が看護者として育児教室及び育児相談に来た母親との関わりを再構成し、母親の育児力の向上に意味があったと思われる場面を1次データとした。1次データを精読し、「関わりの意味」と「看護者の認識と表現の特徴」を取り出し、研究目的に照らして「実践上の視点」を抽出し、看護上の指針を導き出した。

結果

　9事例9場面を分析し、34の実践上の視点を抽出することができた。それらから共通性を検討し、母親の育児力を高めるための看護について9つの指針を得た。

結論

　母親の育児力を高めるためには、親子の生活状況を捉え、母親自身に子どもの思いやありのままの姿、さらには対立関係にある支援者の思いにも関心が注げるような支援が必要であることが示唆された。

Purpose

　The aim of this study was to obtain guidelines for improving parenting abilities of mothers with anxiety or difficulty in rearing their children.

Target and Methods

　The study targeted several cases in which the researcher, as a participatory observer, interacted with mothers experiencing anxiety or difficulty in child-rearing. These interactions, which were held during parenting classroom/childcare consultation sessions, were later reconstructed for identifying situations considered to have positively affected the parenting abilities of the mothers. These situations were first examined for the "meaning of practice" and "nurses" tendencies during assessment and communication," following which "practical tips" were extracted and guidelines were constructed.

Results

　A total of 34 practical tips were extracted after examining nine situations from nine individual cases. These were analyzed further for common features, and the nine guidelines for nursing practice to improve the parenting abilities of mothers were eventually consolidated.

Conclusion

　The results indicate that to improve the parenting abilities of mothers, it is necessary to assess the daily life environment of a given mother-child pair and to support mothers by guiding them into having an active and appropriate interest in raising their children and in the thoughts and perceptions of individuals who support mothers but may not necessarily have the same opinions.